Fortified porridge given to refugees and malnourished Ugandans has been removed from distribution over fears it may have killed an elderly woman.
Nearly 200 other people were also hospitalised after the product, called super cereal, was delivered to them.
“There is a potential link but of course we need to be certain,” a World Food Programme spokesman told reporters.
“We won’t know until the government and WFP’s laboratory tests locate where people are getting sick from,” he said.
The people taken in for treatment complained of vomiting, fever and other symptoms consistent with food poisoning, report says.
The WFP said that some people also had symptoms of “mental confusion”.
WFP says the patients were from families that had received a batch of the fortified food last week.
Super cereal is usually given to pregnant or nursing women at risk of malnutrition, but has been included in general rations across the country for malnourished Ugandans and refugees.
Uganda hosts some 1.1 million refugees – more than any other African nation. Many are women and children who have fled across the border from South Sudan.
Super cereal is distributed throughout Uganda, WFP says, but all the reported cases of suspected food poisoning are in the north-eastern Karamoja region.
Previous conflicts there, along with drought and extreme poverty have left some communities reliant on food aid,
Efforts are under way to retrieve food bags that have already delivered.