VIDEO: What you never knew about Mzee Jomo Kenyatta tenure (1963-1978)

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Many has been said about the first President of the Republic of Kenya, but again, many has gone untold! Did you know that once in power (1963-1978), Mzee Jomo  Kenyatta swerved from radical nationalism to conservative bourgeois politics?

The plantations formerly owned by white settlers were broken up and given to farmers, with the Kikuyu the favoured recipients, along with their allies the Embu and the Meru.

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By 1978 most of the country’s wealth and power was in the hands of the organisation which grouped these three tribes: the Gikuyu-Embu-Meru Association (GEMA), together comprising 30% of the population.

At the same time the Kikuyu, with Kenyatta’s support, spread beyond their traditional territorial homelands and repossessed lands “stolen by the whites” – even when these had previously belonged to other groups. The other groups, a 70% majority, were outraged, setting up long-term ethnic animosities.

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The minority party, the Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU), representing a coalition of small tribes that had feared dominance by larger ones, dissolved itself voluntarily in 1964 and former members joined KANU. KANU was the only party 1964–66 when a faction broke away as the Kenya People’s Union (KPU).

It was led by Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, a former vice-president and Luo elder. KPU advocated a more “scientific” route to socialism—criticising the slow progress in land redistribution and employment opportunities—as well as a realignment of foreign policy in favour of the Soviet Union.

In June 1969 Tom Mboya, a Luo member of the government considered a potential successor to Kenyatta, was assassinated. Hostility between Kikuyu and Luo was heightened, and after riots broke out in Luo country KPU was banned.

The government used a variety of political and economic measures to harass the KPU and its prospective and actual members.

KPU branches were unable to register, KPU meetings were prevented and civil servants and politicians suffered severe economic and political consequences for joining the KPU.

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Kenya thereby became a one-party state under KANU.

Ignoring his suppression of the opposition and continued factionalism within KANU the imposition of one-party rule allowed Mzee (“Old Man”) Kenyatta, who had led the country since independence, claimed he achieved “political stability.”

Underlying social tensions were evident, however. Kenya’s very rapid population growth rate and considerable rural to urban migration were in large part responsible for high unemployment and disorder in the cities. There also was much resentment by blacks at the privileged economic position in the country of Asians and Europeans.

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At Kenyatta’s death (22 August 1978), Vice-President Daniel Arap Moi became interim President.

On 14 October, Moi formally became President after he was elected head of KANU and designated its sole nominee. In June 1982, the National Assembly amended the constitution, making Kenya officially a one-party state.

On 1 August members of the Kenya Air Force launched an attempted coup, which was quickly suppressed by Loyalist forces led by the Army the General Service unit  (GSU) – paramilitary wing of the police – and later the regular police, but not without civilian casualties.

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